Improve CPU Inference Stability: Adaptive Buffering & Chunk Accumulation (#11)

* Improve CPU Inference Stability: Implement Adaptive Buffering and Chunk Accumulation

This change addresses audio stuttering issues when running on CPU-only hardware by:
- Implementing server-side audio chunk accumulation to reduce SSE overhead.
- Introducing device-aware default configurations for buffering and inference steps.
- Exposing key performance parameters as environment variables.
- Enabling the frontend to adaptively adjust its buffering thresholds based on the server's configuration.

Changes:
- Modified `server/vibevoice_server.py` to support accumulation and provide config via `/health`.
- Updated `web/hooks/useStreamingGeneration.ts` to accept configurable buffering parameters.
- Updated `web/app/page.tsx` to fetch and apply server-side configuration.

Verified on CPU mode in the development environment.

Co-authored-by: LyAhn <27559362+LyAhn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Improve CPU Inference Stability: Implement Adaptive Buffering and Chunk Accumulation

This change addresses audio stuttering issues when running on CPU-only hardware by:
- Implementing server-side audio chunk accumulation to reduce SSE overhead.
- Introducing device-aware default configurations for buffering and inference steps.
- Exposing key performance parameters as environment variables.
- Enabling the frontend to adaptively adjust its buffering thresholds based on the server's configuration.

Changes:
- Modified `server/vibevoice_server.py` to support accumulation and provide config via `/health`.
- Updated `web/hooks/useStreamingGeneration.ts` to accept configurable buffering parameters.
- Updated `web/app/page.tsx` to fetch and apply server-side configuration.

Verified on CPU mode in the development environment.

Co-authored-by: LyAhn <27559362+LyAhn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Improve CPU Inference Stability: Adaptive Buffering UI & Logic

This change enhances the initial CPU stability fix by:
- Exposing adaptive buffering settings (Pre-buffer, Re-buffer Threshold, Resume Threshold) in a new "Advanced Buffering" UI section.
- Managing buffering settings in the application state to allow for manual overrides.
- Implementing robust re-initialization of buffering and inference defaults whenever the server's device (CPU/CUDA) changes.
- Including the active device in the server's config object for reliable client-side detection.

Verified with frontend screenshots and full build. Responds to PR feedback regarding actioning the adaptive logic.

Co-authored-by: LyAhn <27559362+LyAhn@users.noreply.github.com>

* Refine adaptive buffering: env helpers, threshold validation, a11y fixes

- Extract _env_int/_env_float helpers in server to validate env-var config
  with graceful fallback instead of bare int/float casts
- Fix inference_steps falsy-check (0 is valid) to use explicit None guard
- Enforce rebufferThresholdSecs < resumeThresholdSecs in both the hook
  (with console.warn + clamp) and the GenerationControls UI (sliders block
  invalid states by auto-bumping or ignoring the drag)
- Add type="button", aria-expanded, aria-controls, htmlFor, and input id
  attributes to GenerationControls for accessibility
- Add .vscode/settings.json to .gitignore; sort package.json scripts

---------

Co-authored-by: google-labs-jules[bot] <161369871+google-labs-jules[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.gitignore

@@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ web/node_modules/
 # OS
 .DS_Store
 Thumbs.db
+.vscode/settings.json

package.json

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
   "version": "0.1.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
+    "build": "pnpm --filter vibepod-web build",
     "dev": "bash dev.sh",
     "dev:cpu": "bash dev.sh --cpu",
     "dev:server": "bash server/start.sh",
     "dev:server:cpu": "bash server/start.sh --cpu",
-    "dev:web": "pnpm --filter vibepod-web dev",
+    "dev:web": "pnpm --filter vibepod-web dev"
-    "build": "pnpm --filter vibepod-web build"
   },
   "packageManager": "pnpm@10.33.2+sha512.a90faf6feeab71ad6c6e57f94e0fe1a12f5dcc22cd754db40ae9593eb6a3e0b6b12e3540218bb37ae083404b1f2ce6db2a4121e979829b4aff94b99f49da1cf8"
 }

server/download_model.py

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ def download() -> str:
         )
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    token: str | None = os.environ.get("HF_TOKEN") or os.environ.get("HUGGINGFACE_TOKEN")
+    token: str | None = os.environ.get("HF_TOKEN") or os.environ.get(
+        "HUGGINGFACE_TOKEN"
+    )
 
     print(f"Checking / downloading model: {MODEL_ID}")
     print("(This may take several minutes on first run — the model is ~1 GB)")

server/vibevoice_server.py

@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ VOICE_BASE_URL = (
 
 EN_VOICES: dict[str, str] = {
     "carter": "en-Carter_man.pt",
-    "davis":  "en-Davis_man.pt",
+    "davis": "en-Davis_man.pt",
-    "emma":   "en-Emma_woman.pt",
+    "emma": "en-Emma_woman.pt",
-    "frank":  "en-Frank_man.pt",
+    "frank": "en-Frank_man.pt",
-    "grace":  "en-Grace_woman.pt",
+    "grace": "en-Grace_woman.pt",
-    "mike":   "en-Mike_man.pt",
+    "mike": "en-Mike_man.pt",
 }
 DEFAULT_SPEAKER = "carter"
 
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ _IGNORE_PATTERNS = ["*.msgpack", "flax_model*", "tf_model*", "rust_model*", "*.o
 # VIBEPOD_DEVICE env var is set by start.sh based on the --cpu / --cuda flag.
 # Falls back to auto-detection if not set.
 
+
 def _resolve_device() -> str:
     """Resolve the target device from env var or auto-detect."""
     env = os.environ.get("VIBEPOD_DEVICE", "").strip().lower()
@@ -80,6 +81,31 @@ def _resolve_device() -> str:
     return "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
 
+# ── Env-var helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _env_int(name: str, default: int) -> int:
+    raw = os.environ.get(name, "").strip()
+    if not raw:
+        return default
+    try:
+        return int(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.warning("Invalid value for %s=%r — using default %d", name, raw, default)
+        return default
+
+
+def _env_float(name: str, default: float) -> float:
+    raw = os.environ.get(name, "").strip()
+    if not raw:
+        return default
+    try:
+        return float(raw)
+    except ValueError:
+        logger.warning("Invalid value for %s=%r — using default %g", name, raw, default)
+        return default
+
+
 # ── Global state ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 ModelStatus = Literal["downloading", "loading", "online", "error"]
@@ -93,13 +119,24 @@ _voice_presets: dict[str, object] = {}
 _load_lock = threading.Lock()
 _generation_lock = asyncio.Lock()
 
+# Config defaults (can be overridden by env vars)
+# These are populated in _load_model_sync once the device is known.
+_config = {
+    "device": "cpu",
+    "chunk_accum": 1,
+    "prebuffer_secs": 2.0,
+    "rebuffer_threshold_secs": 0.4,
+    "resume_threshold_secs": 1.5,
+    "default_inference_steps": 10,
+}
+
 # Download progress (files downloaded so far)
 _dl_progress: dict[str, int] = {"done": 0, "total": 0}
 
 
-
 # ── Progress-tracking tqdm (for model file downloads) ──────────────────────────
 
+
 def _make_dl_tqdm() -> type:
     class _DlTqdm(_BaseTqdm):
         def __init__(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> None:
@@ -119,10 +156,14 @@ def _make_dl_tqdm() -> type:
 
 # ── Model / voice helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+
 def _is_model_cached() -> bool:
     try:
         from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
-        snapshot_download(MODEL_ID, local_files_only=True, ignore_patterns=_IGNORE_PATTERNS)
+
+        snapshot_download(
+            MODEL_ID, local_files_only=True, ignore_patterns=_IGNORE_PATTERNS
+        )
         return True
     except Exception:
         return False
@@ -130,7 +171,10 @@ def _is_model_cached() -> bool:
 
 def _download_model() -> None:
     from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
-    token: Optional[str] = os.environ.get("HF_TOKEN") or os.environ.get("HUGGINGFACE_TOKEN")
+
+    token: Optional[str] = os.environ.get("HF_TOKEN") or os.environ.get(
+        "HUGGINGFACE_TOKEN"
+    )
     DlTqdm = _make_dl_tqdm()
     logger.info("Model not cached — downloading %s...", MODEL_ID)
     snapshot_download(
@@ -155,11 +199,13 @@ def _download_voices() -> None:
 
 # ── Background model loader ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+
 def _init_processor():
     logger.info("Loading processor...")
     from vibevoice.processor.vibevoice_streaming_processor import (
         VibeVoiceStreamingProcessor,
     )
+
     return VibeVoiceStreamingProcessor.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
 
 
@@ -171,6 +217,7 @@ def _init_model(device: str):
     from vibevoice.modular.modeling_vibevoice_streaming_inference import (
         VibeVoiceStreamingForConditionalGenerationInference,
     )
+
     try:
         model = VibeVoiceStreamingForConditionalGenerationInference.from_pretrained(
             MODEL_ID,
@@ -179,7 +226,9 @@ def _init_model(device: str):
             attn_implementation=attn_impl,
         )
     except Exception:
-        logger.warning("Model load with %s failed; falling back to sdpa", attn_impl, exc_info=True)
+        logger.warning(
+            "Model load with %s failed; falling back to sdpa", attn_impl, exc_info=True
+        )
         model = VibeVoiceStreamingForConditionalGenerationInference.from_pretrained(
             MODEL_ID,
             torch_dtype=load_dtype,
@@ -188,7 +237,7 @@ def _init_model(device: str):
         )
 
     model.eval()
-    model.set_ddpm_inference_steps(num_steps=10)
+    model.set_ddpm_inference_steps(num_steps=_config["default_inference_steps"])
     return model
 
 
@@ -197,14 +246,12 @@ def _load_voice_presets(device: str) -> dict[str, object]:
     for name, filename in EN_VOICES.items():
         path = VOICES_DIR / filename
         if path.exists():
-            presets[name] = torch.load(
+            presets[name] = torch.load(path, map_location=device, weights_only=False)
-                path, map_location=device, weights_only=False
-            )
     return presets
 
 
 def _load_model_sync() -> None:
-    global _processor, _model, _device, _model_status, _model_error, _voice_presets
+    global _processor, _model, _device, _model_status, _model_error, _voice_presets, _config
 
     with _load_lock:
         if _model is not None:
@@ -222,12 +269,24 @@ def _load_model_sync() -> None:
             _device = _resolve_device()
             logger.info("Using device: %s", _device)
 
+            # Populate config based on device
+            is_cpu = _device == "cpu"
+            _config["device"] = _device
+            _config["chunk_accum"] = _env_int("VIBEPOD_CHUNK_ACCUM", 4 if is_cpu else 1)
+            _config["prebuffer_secs"] = _env_float("VIBEPOD_PREBUFFER_SECS", 5.0 if is_cpu else 2.0)
+            _config["rebuffer_threshold_secs"] = _env_float("VIBEPOD_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD_SECS", 1.0 if is_cpu else 0.4)
+            _config["resume_threshold_secs"] = _env_float("VIBEPOD_RESUME_THRESHOLD_SECS", 2.5 if is_cpu else 1.5)
+            _config["default_inference_steps"] = _env_int("VIBEPOD_DEFAULT_INFERENCE_STEPS", 8 if is_cpu else 10)
+
             _processor = _init_processor()
             _model = _init_model(_device)
             _voice_presets = _load_voice_presets(_device)
 
             _model_status = "online"
-            logger.info("Model ready on %s. Voices: %s", _device, list(_voice_presets.keys()))
+            logger.info(
+                "Model ready on %s. Voices: %s", _device, list(_voice_presets.keys())
+            )
+            logger.info("Configuration: %s", _config)
 
         except Exception as exc:
             _model_status = "error"
@@ -237,6 +296,7 @@ def _load_model_sync() -> None:
 
 # ── FastAPI app ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
     thread = threading.Thread(target=_load_model_sync, daemon=True, name="model-loader")
@@ -249,11 +309,12 @@ app = FastAPI(title="VibePod TTS Server", version="0.1.0", lifespan=lifespan)
 
 # ── Schemas ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+
 class GenerateRequest(BaseModel):
     text: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=10_000)
     speaker: str = Field(default=DEFAULT_SPEAKER)
     cfg_scale: float = Field(default=1.5, ge=0.5, le=4.0)
-    inference_steps: int = Field(default=10, ge=5, le=20)
+    inference_steps: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=5, le=20)
 
     @field_validator("text")
     @classmethod
@@ -270,6 +331,7 @@ class GenerateRequest(BaseModel):
 
 # ── Endpoints ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+
 @app.get("/health")
 async def health() -> dict:
     body: dict = {
@@ -277,9 +339,13 @@ async def health() -> dict:
         "model": MODEL_ID,
         "device": _device,
         "voices": list(_voice_presets.keys()),
+        "config": _config,
     }
     if _model_status == "downloading":
-        body["progress"] = {"done": _dl_progress["done"], "total": _dl_progress["total"]}
+        body["progress"] = {
+            "done": _dl_progress["done"],
+            "total": _dl_progress["total"],
+        }
     if _model_error:
         body["message"] = _model_error
     return body
@@ -300,7 +366,8 @@ def _sync_generate(
     speaker = req.speaker if req.speaker in _voice_presets else DEFAULT_SPEAKER
     voice_preset = copy.deepcopy(_voice_presets[speaker])
 
-    _model.set_ddpm_inference_steps(num_steps=req.inference_steps)
+    steps = req.inference_steps if req.inference_steps is not None else _config["default_inference_steps"]
+    _model.set_ddpm_inference_steps(num_steps=steps)
 
     inputs = _processor.process_input_with_cached_prompt(
         text=req.text,
@@ -339,13 +406,15 @@ async def generate(req: GenerateRequest, request: Request) -> StreamingResponse:
     if _model_status != "online":
         detail = {
             "downloading": "Model is downloading — please wait.",
-            "loading":     "Model is loading into memory — please wait.",
+            "loading": "Model is loading into memory — please wait.",
-            "error":       f"Model failed to load: {_model_error or 'unknown error'}",
+            "error": f"Model failed to load: {_model_error or 'unknown error'}",
         }.get(_model_status, "Server not ready.")
         raise HTTPException(status_code=503, detail=detail)
 
     if _generation_lock.locked():
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=503, detail="Server is already generating audio. Please wait.")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=503, detail="Server is already generating audio. Please wait."
+        )
 
     async def event_stream() -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
         from vibevoice.modular.streamer import AsyncAudioStreamer
@@ -354,6 +423,9 @@ async def generate(req: GenerateRequest, request: Request) -> StreamingResponse:
         streamer = AsyncAudioStreamer(batch_size=1)
         cancel_event = threading.Event()
 
+        accum_size = max(1, _config["chunk_accum"])
+        accumulated_chunks = []
+
         async with _generation_lock:
             loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
             future = loop.run_in_executor(
@@ -382,9 +454,18 @@ async def generate(req: GenerateRequest, request: Request) -> StreamingResponse:
                 if chunk is None:  # stop signal
                     break
 
-                pcm_b64 = base64.b64encode(
+                accumulated_chunks.append(chunk.detach().cpu().float())
-                    chunk.detach().cpu().float().numpy().tobytes()
+
-                ).decode()
+                if len(accumulated_chunks) >= accum_size:
+                    combined = torch.cat(accumulated_chunks, dim=0)
+                    pcm_b64 = base64.b64encode(combined.numpy().tobytes()).decode()
+                    yield _sse({"type": "audio_chunk", "data": pcm_b64})
+                    accumulated_chunks = []
+
+            # Flush any remaining chunks
+            if accumulated_chunks:
+                combined = torch.cat(accumulated_chunks, dim=0)
+                pcm_b64 = base64.b64encode(combined.numpy().tobytes()).decode()
                 yield _sse({"type": "audio_chunk", "data": pcm_b64})
 
             try:
@@ -395,7 +476,12 @@ async def generate(req: GenerateRequest, request: Request) -> StreamingResponse:
                 return
             except Exception as exc:
                 logger.exception("Generation failed: %s", exc)
-                yield _sse({"type": "error", "message": "Internal server error during generation."})
+                yield _sse(
+                    {
+                        "type": "error",
+                        "message": "Internal server error during generation.",
+                    }
+                )
                 return
 
         elapsed = round(time.monotonic() - start, 1)

web/app/page.tsx

@@ -15,11 +15,23 @@ export interface DownloadProgress {
   total: number;
 }
 
+export interface ServerConfig {
+  device: string;
+  chunk_accum: number;
+  prebuffer_secs: number;
+  rebuffer_threshold_secs: number;
+  resume_threshold_secs: number;
+  default_inference_steps: number;
+}
+
 interface AppState {
   script: string;
   speaker: string;
   cfgScale: number;
   inferenceSteps: number;
+  prebufferSecs: number;
+  rebufferThresholdSecs: number;
+  resumeThresholdSecs: number;
   isGenerating: boolean;
   genElapsed: number;
   genPct: number | null;
@@ -28,6 +40,7 @@ interface AppState {
   serverStatus: ServerStatus;
   downloadProgress: DownloadProgress | null;
   availableVoices: string[];
+  serverConfig: ServerConfig | null;
 }
 
 type AppAction =
@@ -35,6 +48,9 @@ type AppAction =
   | { type: "SET_SPEAKER"; payload: string }
   | { type: "SET_CFG_SCALE"; payload: number }
   | { type: "SET_INFERENCE_STEPS"; payload: number }
+  | { type: "SET_PREBUFFER_SECS"; payload: number }
+  | { type: "SET_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD"; payload: number }
+  | { type: "SET_RESUME_THRESHOLD"; payload: number }
   | { type: "START_GENERATION" }
   | { type: "GEN_PROGRESS"; elapsed: number; pct: number | null }
   | { type: "GENERATION_SUCCESS"; payload: string }
@@ -43,7 +59,12 @@ type AppAction =
   | { type: "ADD_LOG"; payload: string }
   | {
       type: "SET_SERVER_STATUS";
-      payload: { status: ServerStatus; progress?: DownloadProgress | null; voices?: string[] };
+      payload: {
+        status: ServerStatus;
+        progress?: DownloadProgress | null;
+        voices?: string[];
+        config?: ServerConfig | null;
+      };
     };
 
 function reducer(state: AppState, action: AppAction): AppState {
@@ -52,6 +73,9 @@ function reducer(state: AppState, action: AppAction): AppState {
     case "SET_SPEAKER":        return { ...state, speaker: action.payload };
     case "SET_CFG_SCALE":      return { ...state, cfgScale: action.payload };
     case "SET_INFERENCE_STEPS": return { ...state, inferenceSteps: action.payload };
+    case "SET_PREBUFFER_SECS": return { ...state, prebufferSecs: action.payload };
+    case "SET_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD": return { ...state, rebufferThresholdSecs: action.payload };
+    case "SET_RESUME_THRESHOLD": return { ...state, resumeThresholdSecs: action.payload };
     case "START_GENERATION":
       return { ...state, isGenerating: true, audioUrl: null, logs: [], genElapsed: 0, genPct: null };
     case "GEN_PROGRESS":
@@ -63,14 +87,40 @@ function reducer(state: AppState, action: AppAction): AppState {
       return { ...state, isGenerating: false, genElapsed: 0, genPct: null };
     case "ADD_LOG":
       return { ...state, logs: [...state.logs, action.payload] };
-    case "SET_SERVER_STATUS":
+    case "SET_SERVER_STATUS": {
+      const isNewConfig = !state.serverConfig && action.payload.config;
+      const deviceChanged = !!(state.serverConfig && action.payload.config && state.serverConfig.device !== action.payload.config.device);
+
+      const nextSteps = (isNewConfig || deviceChanged)
+          ? action.payload.config!.default_inference_steps
+          : state.inferenceSteps;
+
+      const nextPrebuffer = (isNewConfig || deviceChanged)
+          ? action.payload.config!.prebuffer_secs
+          : state.prebufferSecs;
+
+      const nextRebuffer = (isNewConfig || deviceChanged)
+          ? action.payload.config!.rebuffer_threshold_secs
+          : state.rebufferThresholdSecs;
+
+      const nextResume = (isNewConfig || deviceChanged)
+          ? action.payload.config!.resume_threshold_secs
+          : state.resumeThresholdSecs;
+
       return {
         ...state,
         serverStatus: action.payload.status,
         downloadProgress: action.payload.progress ?? null,
-        availableVoices:
+        availableVoices: action.payload.voices?.length
-          action.payload.voices?.length ? action.payload.voices : state.availableVoices,
+          ? action.payload.voices
+          : state.availableVoices,
+        serverConfig: action.payload.config ?? state.serverConfig,
+        inferenceSteps: nextSteps,
+        prebufferSecs: nextPrebuffer,
+        rebufferThresholdSecs: nextRebuffer,
+        resumeThresholdSecs: nextResume,
       };
+    }
     default: return state;
   }
 }
@@ -80,6 +130,9 @@ const initialState: AppState = {
   speaker: "carter",
   cfgScale: 1.5,
   inferenceSteps: 10,
+  prebufferSecs: 2.0,
+  rebufferThresholdSecs: 0.4,
+  resumeThresholdSecs: 1.5,
   isGenerating: false,
   genElapsed: 0,
   genPct: null,
@@ -88,6 +141,7 @@ const initialState: AppState = {
   serverStatus: "offline",
   downloadProgress: null,
   availableVoices: [],
+  serverConfig: null,
 };
 
 export default function HomePage() {
@@ -106,19 +160,16 @@ export default function HomePage() {
   const handleGenerationCancel = useCallback(() => dispatch({ type: "GENERATION_CANCELLED" }), []);
   const handleGenerationError = useCallback(() => dispatch({ type: "GENERATION_ERROR" }), []);
 
-  const {
+  const { generate, pauseStream, resumeStream, stop, isStreamPaused } = useStreamingGeneration({
-    generate,
-    pauseStream,
-    resumeStream,
-    stop,
-    isStreamPaused,
-  } = useStreamingGeneration({
     onLog: addLog,
     onStart: handleGenerationStart,
     onProgress: handleGenerationProgress,
     onSuccess: handleGenerationSuccess,
     onCancel: handleGenerationCancel,
     onError: handleGenerationError,
+    prebufferSecs: state.prebufferSecs,
+    rebufferThresholdSecs: state.rebufferThresholdSecs,
+    resumeThresholdSecs: state.resumeThresholdSecs,
   });
 
   // Server health polling — fast while not ready, slow when online
@@ -131,21 +182,32 @@ export default function HomePage() {
       let nextStatus: ServerStatus = "offline";
       let nextProgress: DownloadProgress | null = null;
       let nextVoices: string[] = [];
+      let nextConfig: ServerConfig | null = null;
       try {
         const res = await fetch("/api/health", { cache: "no-store" });
-        const data = await res.json() as {
+        const data = (await res.json()) as {
           status: ServerStatus;
           progress?: DownloadProgress | null;
           voices?: string[];
+          config?: ServerConfig;
         };
         nextStatus = data.status ?? "offline";
         nextProgress = data.progress ?? null;
         nextVoices = data.voices ?? [];
+        nextConfig = data.config ?? null;
       } catch {
         nextStatus = "offline";
       }
       if (!cancelled) {
-        dispatch({ type: "SET_SERVER_STATUS", payload: { status: nextStatus, progress: nextProgress, voices: nextVoices } });
+        dispatch({
+          type: "SET_SERVER_STATUS",
+          payload: {
+            status: nextStatus,
+            progress: nextProgress,
+            voices: nextVoices,
+            config: nextConfig,
+          },
+        });
         timeoutId = setTimeout(poll, nextStatus === "online" ? 15_000 : 2_000);
       }
     }
@@ -199,6 +261,12 @@ export default function HomePage() {
               onCfgScaleChange={(v) => dispatch({ type: "SET_CFG_SCALE", payload: v })}
               inferenceSteps={state.inferenceSteps}
               onInferenceStepsChange={(v) => dispatch({ type: "SET_INFERENCE_STEPS", payload: v })}
+            prebufferSecs={state.prebufferSecs}
+            onPrebufferSecsChange={(v) => dispatch({ type: "SET_PREBUFFER_SECS", payload: v })}
+            rebufferThresholdSecs={state.rebufferThresholdSecs}
+            onRebufferThresholdChange={(v) => dispatch({ type: "SET_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD", payload: v })}
+            resumeThresholdSecs={state.resumeThresholdSecs}
+            onResumeThresholdChange={(v) => dispatch({ type: "SET_RESUME_THRESHOLD", payload: v })}
               onGenerate={handleGenerate}
               onStop={stop}
               onPauseStream={pauseStream}

web/components/GenerationControls.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 "use client";
 
+import { useState } from "react";
 import type { ServerStatus, DownloadProgress } from "@/app/page";
 
 const FALLBACK_VOICES = ["carter", "davis", "emma", "frank", "grace", "mike"];
@@ -12,6 +13,12 @@ interface GenerationControlsProps {
   onCfgScaleChange: (v: number) => void;
   inferenceSteps: number;
   onInferenceStepsChange: (v: number) => void;
+  prebufferSecs: number;
+  onPrebufferSecsChange: (v: number) => void;
+  rebufferThresholdSecs: number;
+  onRebufferThresholdChange: (v: number) => void;
+  resumeThresholdSecs: number;
+  onResumeThresholdChange: (v: number) => void;
   onGenerate: () => void;
   onStop: () => void;
   onPauseStream: () => void;
@@ -53,6 +60,12 @@ export default function GenerationControls({
   onCfgScaleChange,
   inferenceSteps,
   onInferenceStepsChange,
+  prebufferSecs,
+  onPrebufferSecsChange,
+  rebufferThresholdSecs,
+  onRebufferThresholdChange,
+  resumeThresholdSecs,
+  onResumeThresholdChange,
   onGenerate,
   onStop,
   onPauseStream,
@@ -65,6 +78,7 @@ export default function GenerationControls({
   serverStatus,
   downloadProgress,
 }: GenerationControlsProps) {
+  const [showAdvanced, setShowAdvanced] = useState(false);
   const voices = availableVoices.length > 0 ? availableVoices : FALLBACK_VOICES;
   const serverReady = serverStatus === "online";
   const buttonDisabled = isGenerating || wordCount === 0 || !serverReady;
@@ -169,6 +183,108 @@ export default function GenerationControls({
         </div>
       </div>
 
+      {/* Advanced Buffering toggle */}
+      <div className="pt-2">
+        <button
+          type="button"
+          onClick={() => setShowAdvanced(!showAdvanced)}
+          aria-expanded={showAdvanced}
+          aria-controls="advanced-buffering-panel"
+          className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider cursor-pointer transition-colors"
+          style={{ color: showAdvanced ? "var(--accent-teal)" : "var(--muted)" }}
+        >
+          <svg
+            className={`w-3 h-3 transition-transform ${showAdvanced ? "rotate-90" : ""}`}
+            viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+            fill="none"
+            stroke="currentColor"
+            strokeWidth="3"
+          >
+            <polyline points="9 18 15 12 9 6" />
+          </svg>
+          Advanced Buffering
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      {showAdvanced && (
+        <div id="advanced-buffering-panel" className="flex flex-col gap-4 pl-2 border-l" style={{ borderColor: "var(--border)" }}>
+          {/* Pre-buffer */}
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <label className="text-xs font-medium" style={{ color: "var(--foreground)" }}>
+                Initial Pre-buffer
+              </label>
+              <span className="text-xs font-mono" style={{ color: "var(--accent-teal)" }}>
+                {prebufferSecs.toFixed(1)}s
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            <input
+              type="range"
+              min={0.5}
+              max={10.0}
+              step={0.5}
+              value={prebufferSecs}
+              onChange={(e) => onPrebufferSecsChange(parseFloat(e.target.value))}
+              className="w-full h-1"
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Re-buffer threshold */}
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <label htmlFor="rebuffer-threshold" className="text-xs font-medium" style={{ color: "var(--foreground)" }}>
+                Re-buffer Threshold
+              </label>
+              <span className="text-xs font-mono" style={{ color: "var(--accent-teal)" }}>
+                {rebufferThresholdSecs.toFixed(1)}s
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            <input
+              id="rebuffer-threshold"
+              type="range"
+              min={0.1}
+              max={3.0}
+              step={0.1}
+              value={rebufferThresholdSecs}
+              onChange={(e) => {
+                const next = parseFloat(e.target.value);
+                onRebufferThresholdChange(next);
+                if (resumeThresholdSecs <= next) {
+                  onResumeThresholdChange(parseFloat((next + 0.5).toFixed(1)));
+                }
+              }}
+              className="w-full h-1"
+            />
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Resume threshold */}
+          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+              <label htmlFor="resume-threshold" className="text-xs font-medium" style={{ color: "var(--foreground)" }}>
+                Resume Threshold
+              </label>
+              <span className="text-xs font-mono" style={{ color: "var(--accent-teal)" }}>
+                {resumeThresholdSecs.toFixed(1)}s
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            <input
+              id="resume-threshold"
+              type="range"
+              min={0.5}
+              max={5.0}
+              step={0.1}
+              value={resumeThresholdSecs}
+              onChange={(e) => {
+                const next = parseFloat(e.target.value);
+                if (next <= rebufferThresholdSecs) return;
+                onResumeThresholdChange(next);
+              }}
+              className="w-full h-1"
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {/* Server status banner */}
       {!serverReady && (
         <div
@@ -177,7 +293,7 @@ export default function GenerationControls({
         >
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
             <span
-              className={`w-2 h-2 rounded-full flex-shrink-0 ${serverStatus === "offline" || serverStatus === "error" ? "" : "animate-pulse"}`}
+              className={`w-2 h-2 rounded-full shrink-0 ${serverStatus === "offline" || serverStatus === "error" ? "" : "animate-pulse"}`}
               style={{ background: STATUS_CONFIG[serverStatus].color }}
             />
             <span style={{ color: STATUS_CONFIG[serverStatus].color }}>

web/hooks/useStreamingGeneration.ts

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 
 const SAMPLE_RATE = 24_000;
-const PREBUFFER_SECS = 2.0;
+const DEFAULT_PREBUFFER_SECS = 2.0;
-const REBUFFER_THRESHOLD_SECS = 0.4;
+const DEFAULT_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD_SECS = 0.4;
-const RESUME_THRESHOLD_SECS = 1.5;
+const DEFAULT_RESUME_THRESHOLD_SECS = 1.5;
 
 interface GenerateOptions {
   text: string;
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ interface UseStreamingGenerationOptions {
   onSuccess: (audioUrl: string) => void;
   onCancel: () => void;
   onError: () => void;
+  /** Seconds of audio to buffer before playback starts. */
+  prebufferSecs?: number;
+  /** Buffer lookahead (seconds) below which playback suspends to refill. */
+  rebufferThresholdSecs?: number;
+  /** Buffer lookahead (seconds) at or above which suspended playback resumes. Must be > rebufferThresholdSecs. */
+  resumeThresholdSecs?: number;
 }
 
 function mergeFloat32Arrays(chunks: Float32Array<ArrayBuffer>[]): Float32Array<ArrayBuffer> {
@@ -77,7 +83,18 @@ export function useStreamingGeneration({
   onSuccess,
   onCancel,
   onError,
+  prebufferSecs = DEFAULT_PREBUFFER_SECS,
+  rebufferThresholdSecs: rawRebufferThresholdSecs = DEFAULT_REBUFFER_THRESHOLD_SECS,
+  resumeThresholdSecs: rawResumeThresholdSecs = DEFAULT_RESUME_THRESHOLD_SECS,
 }: UseStreamingGenerationOptions) {
+  let rebufferThresholdSecs = rawRebufferThresholdSecs;
+  let resumeThresholdSecs = rawResumeThresholdSecs;
+  if (resumeThresholdSecs <= rebufferThresholdSecs) {
+    console.warn(
+      `[useStreamingGeneration] resumeThresholdSecs (${resumeThresholdSecs}) must be greater than rebufferThresholdSecs (${rebufferThresholdSecs}). Clamping resumeThresholdSecs to ${rebufferThresholdSecs + 0.5}.`,
+    );
+    resumeThresholdSecs = rebufferThresholdSecs + 0.5;
+  }
   const [isStreamPaused, setIsStreamPaused] = useState(false);
   const abortRef = useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
   const audioCtxRef = useRef<AudioContext | null>(null);
@@ -144,7 +161,7 @@ export function useStreamingGeneration({
 
     if (!hasStartedPlaybackRef.current) {
       const bufferedSecs = chunksRef.current.reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.length, 0) / SAMPLE_RATE;
-      if (bufferedSecs >= PREBUFFER_SECS) {
+      if (bufferedSecs >= prebufferSecs) {
         flushBufferedAudio();
       }
       return;
@@ -154,18 +171,18 @@ export function useStreamingGeneration({
     if (isUserPausedRef.current) return;
 
     const ahead = nextStartTimeRef.current - ctx.currentTime;
-    if (ctx.state === "running" && ahead < REBUFFER_THRESHOLD_SECS) {
+    if (ctx.state === "running" && ahead < rebufferThresholdSecs) {
       ctx.suspend().catch(() => {});
       isAutoBufferingRef.current = true;
     } else if (
       ctx.state === "suspended" &&
       isAutoBufferingRef.current &&
-      ahead >= RESUME_THRESHOLD_SECS
+      ahead >= resumeThresholdSecs
     ) {
       ctx.resume().catch(() => {});
       isAutoBufferingRef.current = false;
     }
-  }, [enqueue, flushBufferedAudio]);
+  }, [enqueue, flushBufferedAudio, prebufferSecs, rebufferThresholdSecs, resumeThresholdSecs]);
 
   const generate = useCallback(async (options: GenerateOptions) => {
     if (!options.text.trim()) return;